‘Early medieval centres unlike the early historic centres were primarily nodal points in local exchange’ Comment

In the early medieval period, which spans from approximately the 5th to the 10th century CE, urban centers underwent a significant transformation compared to their counterparts in the early historic period. While the latter were primarily focused on long-distance trade and served as administrative and cultural hubs for large empires, the early medieval centers were largely nodal points for local exchange and economic activity.

The early historic period, which preceded the early medieval era, was characterized by the prevalence of large-scale empires and centralized political structures. Cities during this time, such as Rome, Constantinople, Chang'an, and Pataliputra, were integral _________ ___ ______ ___ ___ ___.
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