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Disability is a multifaceted concept that encompasses physical, sensory, cognitive, and psychosocial limitations that may affect an individual’s ability to perform certain tasks or participate fully in society. Understanding disability requires an exploration of various approaches that interpret its causes, experiences, and social implications. In the context of life skills, which focus on enhancing the ability to cope with everyday challenges and promote inclusion, understanding different perspectives on disability is critical for fostering empathy, respect, and effective support mechanisms. Various theoretical and practical approaches have evolved over time to conceptualize disability, ranging from medical and social frameworks to rights-based and biopsychosocial models. Each approach reflects different assumptions about the nature of disability and informs how societies respond to the needs and rights of people with disabilities. The medical approach to understanding disability is one of the earliest and most traditional frameworks. This approach views disability primarily as a problem or deficit within the individual that needs to be treated, cured, or managed by medical intervention. For example, a person who is visually impaired is seen as having a biological limitation that requires corrective surgery, medication, or assistive devices. The focus here is on diagnosing the impairment and restoring functionality wherever possible. While the medical approach can provide essential interventions to enhance the quality of life, it often fails to address the social and environmental barriers that restrict participation. In the context of life skills, the medical model emphasizes self-care, rehabilitation, and physical management but may inadvertently reinforce stigma by framing disability solely as an individual deficiency. In contrast, the social approach or social model of disability shifts the focus from the individual ______ _______ _______ ___ _______ ___ _______ _______ ________ ________ ________.
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