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In the study of narrative technique within literature, particularly in the context of contemporary Indian literature in English translation, the modes of characterization—telling and showing—are fundamental to understanding how authors present their characters. These two modes provide different levels of engagement, interpretation, and subjectivity for the reader. Telling, also known as direct characterization, involves the narrator explicitly describing the traits, emotions, intentions, or moral positioning of characters. For instance, an author might state, “He was a cruel man,” thereby informing the reader directly about a character’s disposition. Showing, or indirect characterization, presents a character through their actions, speech, thoughts, appearance, or interactions with others, allowing the reader to infer character traits. Instead of stating that a character is cruel, the narrator might describe a scene where the character beats a servant for a minor mistake. The interpretation is left to the reader, enabling deeper immersion and a more nuanced understanding of the character. In Bhisham Sahni’s "Tamas", originally written in Hindi and translated into English by the author himself, both modes of characterization are employed, though the narrative leans more toward telling, particularly in its use of third-person omniscient narration. This narrative choice allows the author to give the reader a moral, psychological, and political perspective that guides interpretation rather than leaving everything open to subjective inference. “Tamas,” which fictionalizes the horrific events of the Partition of India in 1947, begins with the killing of a pig that sets off a chain reaction of communal violence. The novel’s subject matter is deeply political and ethical, and the characters often stand as representatives of broader social, communal, or ideological identities. ________ __________ ________ __________ ____ _____ _____ ______ ______ ____ ________.
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