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The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts, 1992, are landmark reforms in the Indian Constitution that strengthened democratic decentralization by providing constitutional status to rural and urban local self-governments. These amendments aimed to promote people's participation in governance, improve local administration, ensure inclusive development, and deepen democracy at the grassroots level. The 73rd Amendment deals with Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in rural areas, while the 74th Amendment relates to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in urban areas. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act came into force on 24 April 1993. It inserted Part IX in the Constitution, comprising Articles 243 to 243-O, and added the Eleventh Schedule containing 29 subjects that may be entrusted to Panchayats. The Act established a three-tier Panchayati Raj system consisting _______ ________ _______ ______ _____ ______ ________ ________ _________.
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