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Information and Communication Technology has emerged as a transformative force in urban governance by reshaping how cities are planned, managed, and governed. With rapid urbanisation and increasing pressure on urban infrastructure, ICT enables city governments to deliver services more efficiently, transparently, and inclusively, while also improving decision-making and citizen engagement within the framework of e-governance. One of the most significant roles of ICT in urban governance is the improvement of service delivery. Digital platforms allow urban local bodies to provide essential services such as water supply management, electricity billing, property tax collection, waste management, and public transport services through online portals and mobile applications. E-services reduce physical interface, minimize delays, curb corruption, and enhance convenience for urban residents. Smart meters, GIS-based property records, and __________ ___ _____ ___ _________ ___ _____ __________ ________.
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