Discuss the preparation of the following compounds starting from ethyl 3-
oxobutanoate?
i) 2-Butenoic acid (crotonic acid)
ii) 4-ketopentanoic acid

Preparation of 2-Butenoic Acid (Crotonic Acid) and 4-Ketopentanoic Acid from Ethyl 3-Oxobutanoate

i) 2-Butenoic Acid (Crotonic Acid):
To synthesize 2-Butenoic acid from ethyl 3-oxobutanoate, a Claisen condensation reaction followed by decarboxylation can be employed. The general reaction scheme is as follows:

1. Claisen Condensation: Ethyl 3-oxobutanoate undergoes Claisen condensation with itself in the presence of a base such as sodium ethoxide ____ ______ ______ _________ __________ ___ _______ ____.
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