Discuss the phases and characteristics of Enlightenment.

The Enlightenment, often referred to as the Age of Reason, was a pivotal period in Western history spanning the late 17th to the 18th century. It marked a shift in thought that emphasized reason, science, and individualism over tradition and religious dogma. The Enlightenment's influence on modern political philosophy is profound, as it laid the groundwork for contemporary democratic ideals, human rights, and the separation of church and state. To discuss the phases and characteristics of the Enlightenment, we must examine its origins, development, and culmination.

### Phases of the Enlightenment

1. Early Enlightenment (Late 17th to Early 18th Century):
   The early phase of the Enlightenment can be traced back to thinkers like René Descartes and John Locke. This period was characterized by a shift from scholasticism and the dominant religious explanations of the world toward a more empirical and rational understanding. Descartes introduced skepticism and the method of doubt, leading to an emphasis on reason as the primary source of knowledge. Locke, on the other hand, emphasized empirical observation and the idea of the "tabula rasa" (blank slate), asserting that human understanding is shaped by experience. These ideas began to challenge the absolutist monarchies and the divine right of kings.

2. High Enlightenment (Mid-18th Century):
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