Discuss the nature of state formation of the Vijayanagara kingdom

The Vijayanagara Empire, which thrived in South India from the 14th to the 17th century, was a significant and influential political entity in the subcontinent. Its formation and nature as a state provide valuable insights into the political structures of the time, reflecting a blend of indigenous elements with foreign influences, particularly from the Deccan and the southern peninsula. The Vijayanagara state formation was marked by a complex interplay of political, social, and cultural forces that contributed to its unique character.

1. Geographical and Historical Context:

The Vijayanagara Empire was founded in 1336 CE by two brothers, Harihara and Bukka Raya, who were initially subordinate to the Kakatiya dynasty in the Telugu region. However, they declared independence and established a new dynasty, with its capital at Hampi, near modern-day Karnataka. The empire's formation took place in the context of political upheaval in the Deccan, following the decline of the Kakatiya and Hoysala dynasties and the invasion of the Delhi Sultanate. This context had a significant influence on the nature of state formation.

2. Administrative Structure:

The Vijayanagara Empire was characterized by a highly centralized administrative structure. At the top was the monarch, who held absolute power and was considered divine. The king was often referred to as the "Chakravartin" or the universal monarch. The empire was divided into provinces or "Nadus," each under the control of a governor or "Nayaka." These Nayakas were appointed by the king and were responsible for collecting revenue and maintaining law and order in their respective regions. The provinces were further divided into smaller administrative units called "Kottams."

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