Discuss the material characteristics of the Harappan civilization.  

The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley civilization, flourished from approximately 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE in the region of the Indian subcontinent. This ancient civilization is renowned for its advanced urban planning, sophisticated architecture, and distinctive material characteristics. The material aspects of the Harappan civilization provide valuable insights into their culture, technological achievements, and economic systems. In this discussion, we will explore the key material characteristics of the Harappan civilization.

1. Urban Planning and Architecture:
One of the remarkable features of the Harappan civilization was its well-planned cities and architectural achievements. The cities were meticulously planned with grid-like street patterns and sophisticated drainage systems. The use of standardized bricks in construction was a significant material characteristic. The Harappans employed burnt bricks, which were uniformly sized and shaped, showcasing their mastery of brick-making techniques. These bricks were made from a mixture of clay, sand, and sometimes straw, resulting in durable and robust structures. The standardized bricks allowed for efficient construction and the creation of multistoried buildings.

2. Harappan Seals and Artifacts:
The Harappan civilization is renowned for its distinctive seals and artifacts made from various materials. The seals, usually made of steatite (a type of soft stone), depict a range of motifs, including animals, humans, and script-like symbols. These seals played a significant role in trade and administrative activities, as they were used for marking and authentication. ________ _____ ______ ____ ___ ______ ______ _____.
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