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Migration is a dynamic social process involving the movement of individuals or groups from one place to another for temporary or permanent settlement. It is influenced by economic, social, political, cultural, demographic, and environmental factors. Social work and social development recognize migration as both an opportunity for improving livelihoods and a challenge that may create social exclusion, inequality, and vulnerability. Several theories have been developed to explain why people migrate and how migration shapes societies. These theories remain relevant in understanding contemporary migration patterns in India. The Push-Pull Theory, proposed by E. G. Ravenstein and later expanded by Everett Lee, is one of the most widely accepted explanations of migration. According to this theory, migration occurs because of push factors that drive people away from their place of origin and pull factors that attract them to another place. Push factors include unemployment, poverty, low agricultural productivity, natural disasters, __________ __________ ___ ___ _____ _________ __________ _____ ________ ______ ____ _________.
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