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Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a sustainable and science-based approach to controlling pests that combines biological, cultural, mechanical, and chemical methods in a coordinated way to minimize risks to human health, the environment, and beneficial organisms. In the context of hygiene, sanitation, and waste management, IPM plays a vital role in preventing and controlling pests such as rodents, flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches, and other vectors that thrive in poorly managed environments. Unlike traditional chemical control methods that rely heavily on pesticides for immediate results, IPM emphasizes prevention, monitoring, and long-term ecological balance. The core principle of IPM is prevention. In hygiene and sanitation systems, pest problems often arise due to the availability of food, water, and shelter. Improper waste disposal, open garbage dumps, clogged drains, stagnant water, and poor food storage create ideal breeding grounds for pests. IPM addresses these root causes through environmental management. For example, proper segregation of waste, regular garbage collection, sealed waste bins, composting under _____ _________ _________ ____ _________ ________ ___ _____ ___ _______ ____.
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