The historical background of the development of Social and Cultural anthropology:-
The term social anthropology emerged in Britain in the early years of the 20th century and was used to describe a distinctive style of anthropology—comparative, fieldwork-based, and with strong intellectual links to the sociological ideas of Émile Durkheim and the group of French scholars associated with the journal L’Année sociologique. Although it was at first defined in opposition to then-fashionable evolutionary and diffusionist schools of anthropology, by the mid-20th century social anthropology was increasingly contrasted with the more humanistic tradition of American cultural anthropology. At this point, the discipline spread to various parts of what was then the British Empire and also was established as a distinctive strand of teaching and research in a handful of American universities. The years after World War II, though, brought a partial breakdown of the British opposition to American cultural anthropology, as younger scholars abandoned the tenets of comparative sociology set out by one of the discipline’s founders, A.R. Radcliffe-Brown. During the same period, however, the term was increasingly used in Continental Europe: the French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss accepted a chair in social anthropology in the Collège de France in 1959, and, when European anthropologists established a joint professional association in the late 1980s, it took the title European Association of Social Anthropologists (EASA) and called its journal Social Anthropology.
The conventional story of social anthropology begins with James George Frazer’s appointment to a chair with that title in Liverpool in 1908, but the appointment was a short-lived disaster, and Frazer himself later preferred ___ _______ ______ _____ ________ _________ _________ _____ _______ __________ _________.
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