Discuss the focal arguments of Realism and Neo –realism.

Realism and neo-realism are two influential theories in the field of international relations that offer distinct perspectives on the behavior of states and the nature of the international system. Both theories emphasize the role of power and national interests in shaping state behavior, but they differ in their assumptions, analytical frameworks, and implications for understanding global politics.

Realism, as a school of thought, has its roots in the philosophical ideas of classical theorists such as Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Hobbes. The central tenet of realism is that the international system is anarchic, meaning there is no overarching authority to govern state interactions. In this anarchic environment, states are considered the primary actors, and their primary motivation is to ensure their survival and maintain their sovereignty. Realists assert that states operate in a self-help system where they must rely on their capabilities to protect their interests.

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