Discuss the factors causing behavioural addiction and explain the interventions for it.

Factors responsible for causing behavioural addictions.

• Substance dependence: One of the strongest correlates of problem gambling,and of other process addictions like sex addiction, is substance abuse (Bourget etal., 2003). People who abuse substances (especially those who use heroin,methadone or cocaine) are 4 to 10 times more likely than the general populationto have a gambling problem (Ledgerwood & Downey, 2002). Most commonlythe substance abuse predates the process addiction, but sometimes the processaddiction begins first, or both concerns arise simultaneously.
• Other behavioural addictions: Some theorists believe that tolerance for onekind of behavioural addiction breeds increased tolerance for other kinds, i.e.,cross-tolerance (Carnes et al., 2005). Problem gambling, for example, frequentlyoccurs alongwith other process addictions, particularly an involvement with riskysexual practices. Process addictions go together, substitute for one another andreinforce one another.
• Poor impulse control (“impulsivity” or “impulsiveness”) and risk-taking:Poor impulse control has been linked to abuse of most substances as well as mostof the process addictions. By giving comparatively free rein to their urges, peoplewho are impulsive may expose themselves to multiple risks, including substanceabuse, unsafe sexual practices and problem gambling.The particular riskybehaviours can become so interchangeable that some theorists prefer to think interms of a “problem behaviour syndrome” rather than focusing on a particularbehaviour in isolation (Barnes et al., 2005). Such a concept seems especially aptwith regard to youth.
• Childhood neglect, trauma, physical or sexual abuse: Grossly pathologicalincidents or ongoing conditions in childhood are linked to commensurately negativeoutcomes later in life, including problem gambling
• Psychiatric issues: Process addictions such as problem gambling tend to coexis with other psychiatric disorders like depression, personality disorders andsubstance use disorders
• Social deprivation (poverty, marginalization): Social and economicmarginalization mayincrease the risk of behavioural addictions.
• Age and gender: Males are overrepresented in a number of problem behaviours,particularly problem gambling and substance abuse. Youth who experience problemgambling typically begin gambling quite early in life (Pagani et al., 2009). Theolder adults who experience problem gambling are more likely to be females wholack a life partner,have too much idle time, and have disabilities (McNeilly &Burke, 2000). However, they are less likely to encounter practical difficulties as aresult of their gambling.

Interventions include psychoeducation, psychotherapeutic interventions and motivationenhancement, cognitive therapy, behaviour therapy and family oriented therapy.

Psychoeducation

The person needs to be educated about the nature of problem, giving information aboutmaintaining factors and negative consequences resulting from it. Self –help material inform of pamphlets can also be given.

Psychotherapeutic intervention

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