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A GPS field survey involves a systematic set of procedures to collect accurate spatial position data using signals from navigation satellites, which are later integrated into GIS for mapping and spatial analysis. The first procedure is survey planning, which is crucial for ensuring data quality. During planning, the purpose of the survey, required accuracy, type of GPS receiver, observation method, and reference coordinate system are decided. Satellite availability, geometry, and dilution of precision (DOP) are assessed using planning software to select appropriate time windows when satellite configuration is optimal. Environmental factors such as terrain, vegetation, buildings, ______ _________ ______ ___ ____ ________ _____.
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