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The Chola dynasty, which ruled large parts of South India from the ninth to the thirteenth century CE, made an extraordinary contribution to Indian art and architecture. Their reign witnessed remarkable progress in temple construction, sculpture, bronze casting, painting, and urban planning. The Cholas not only continued the artistic traditions inherited from the Pallavas but also elevated them to unmatched levels of excellence. Their artistic achievements reflected religious devotion, political power, economic prosperity, and technical mastery. The influence of Chola art extended beyond India to Southeast Asian countries through trade and cultural exchanges. Temple architecture reached its highest stage during the Chola period. The Cholas mainly built temples dedicated to Lord Shiva, although they also patronized temples of Vishnu and other deities. Chola temples were constructed using granite, _____ _______ ___ ___ ____ ____ __________ _______.
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