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The commodification of education refers to the process by which education is transformed into a marketable product or service, driven by capitalist principles of profit, competition, and consumerism. This transformation has significant implications within the framework of the sociology of education, as it alters the traditional roles, values, and functions of education in society. Education, once considered a public good aimed at enlightenment, empowerment, and social development, increasingly operates under the logic of the market, where institutions compete for students, fees, rankings, and resources. In the traditional view, education is seen as a means for human development, social mobility, and the promotion of civic values. Functionalist perspectives emphasize the integrative role of education in promoting social cohesion and transmitting shared cultural norms. Conflict theorists, however, have long recognized how education can reinforce class structures and perpetuate inequalities. With the rise of neoliberalism and global capitalism, commodification has further intensified these contradictions by subordinating educational goals to economic imperatives. One of the major indicators of commodification is the increasing privatization of education. Public sector institutions, which were once the cornerstone of accessible education for all, are increasingly underfunded and undervalued, while private institutions proliferate. These institutions often operate like businesses, focusing ____ _________ ______ _____ ________ ___ _____ _____ ___.
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