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Sustainable development refers to a pattern of development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It seeks a balance between economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection. In the context of decentralisation and local governance, sustainable development depends significantly on the capacity of local institutions to manage natural resources, ensure public participation, and implement environmentally responsible policies. However, numerous challenges hinder the achievement of sustainable development and environmental conservation. One of the major challenges is rapid population growth and urbanisation. Increasing population exerts tremendous pressure on natural resources such as land, water, forests, and energy. Expanding urban settlements often lead to the conversion of agricultural land, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity. Local governments face difficulties in providing adequate housing, sanitation, waste management, and public services, ___ _________ ___ _______ ______ ________ ____ ___ ______ _______ _______.
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