Discuss the biosynthesis of non-essentail amino acids of aromatic amino acids and gltamate family.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and their biosynthesis is a critical aspect of cellular metabolism. The non-essential amino acids are those that the body can synthesize and do not need to be obtained directly from the diet. Among these, the aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) and glutamate family amino acids (glutamate, glutamine, proline, and arginine) are synthesized through distinct pathways that are interconnected with other metabolic processes. Understanding the biosynthesis of these amino acids requires knowledge of several key biochemical pathways, intermediates, and enzymes involved.

### Aromatic Amino Acids

The biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids begins with the precursor molecule, chorismate, which is synthesized via the shikimate pathway. This pathway is common to plants, bacteria, and fungi but is absent in humans, who must rely on dietary sources for these amino acids. However, some amino acids derived from this pathway are converted into non-essential amino acids in the human body.

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