Discuss optical properties of minerals studied between cross nicol.

When discussing the optical properties of minerals as studied between crossed nicols in the field of mineralogy and crystallography, we delve into an area that explores how minerals interact with light and polarized light, which provides valuable insights into their composition and internal structure. This analytical method is foundational to understanding mineral identification and characterization. Let's explore this topic in more detail.

1. Polarized Light Microscopy:
   Polarized light microscopy involves the use of polarized light to examine mineral specimens under a microscope equipped with polarizing filters called polarizers or nicols. When two polarizers are arranged at 90 degrees to each other (crossed nicols), they block out all light except for that which interacts with the mineral specimen, revealing unique optical properties.

2. Birefringence:
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