Discuss Gandhi's struggle against racial discrimination and in defence of the rights for Indian Labour in South Africa.

The condition of Indians living in Transvaal was worse than those in Natal, where they were forced to pay a poll tax of 3 Pounds, live in ghetto like conditions, no right to vote, not allowed to walk on the roads or pavements and was not allowed to stay outdoors after 9 P.M. unless they had a special permit. Even Gandhi was no exemption and was once beaten up by a policeman on duty for walking out at night; he was saved in time

by Mr. Coates, an English Quaker friend.

All this while, Gandhi worked on the lawsuit, studied the case thoroughly and arrived at the conclusion that his client had the stronger case, but litigation would cause nothing but ruin for both claimant and defendant. He requested for the appointment of an arbitrator and finally his client won the case. Gandhi also urged his client to reclaim the payment from the loser party in installments and achieved success through mediation.

Meanwhile, Gandhi felt that his compatriots in South Africa needed to be brought together to fight the injustice heaped upon them. After the preliminary survey, he called a meeting of the Indian community settled in Pretoria, and ____ ____ _________ ________ ________ ___ ________.
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