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The history of social work in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA) reflects the evolution of societies responding to social problems created by industrialization, urbanization, and changing economic conditions. Social work emerged as a professional response to poverty, inequality, and social injustice, shaped by both charity traditions and reform movements. In the United Kingdom, the origins of social work are closely linked to charitable activities and voluntary associations in the 19th century. The industrial revolution in Britain brought significant social upheaval. Rapid urbanization led to overcrowded cities, poor sanitation, and widespread poverty. Traditional family and community support systems were weakened, and the state’s response to social problems was minimal. During this period, philanthropic organizations, religious groups, and voluntary associations began addressing issues such as child labor, homelessness, and education for the poor. The work of individuals such as Octavia Hill, who focused on improving housing conditions for the urban poor, and Mary Richmond, who later became influential in professionalizing social work in the USA, laid the groundwork for systematic social intervention. The Charity Organization Society (COS), established in London in 1869, marked a significant step in the professionalization of social work in the UK. The COS aimed to coordinate charitable efforts, prevent duplication of aid, and ensure that assistance was directed to those genuinely in need. Casework methods, including detailed assessments of clients’ needs and circumstances, were developed to provide structured support. _________ _______ __________ ____ ______ _______ _______ _______.
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