Digital Watermarking and its Applications
Digital watermarking is a technique used in the field of pattern recognition and image processing to embed imperceptible information into digital media, such as images, audio, or video, for the purpose of copyright protection, authentication, and data integrity verification.
The process of digital watermarking involves the insertion of a unique, often encrypted, signature into the media content. This watermark is designed to be robust against various types of attacks, such _____ ______ ____ ____ ________.
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Differentiate between supervised and un-supervised learning. Give an example of each.
The following pattern classes have Gaussian probability functions:
w :{(1, 1)T , (3, 1)T , (3, 3)T , (1,3)T} and
w :{(5, 5)T , (7, 5)T , (7, 7)T , (5, 7)T }
Assuming that ,P(w1 ) P(w2) = obtain the equation of the Bayes’ decision boundary between these two classes.
Let the salt and pepper noise have the following pdf:
Obtain the mean and variance of this distribution.
Apply Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to the following image:
Compute the degree of compression that can be achieved using (i) Huffman coding, and (ii) Run length coding, assuming two-bits to represent the pixel value and twobits to represent the run length.
Apply Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to the sequence (x) given below: x ={1 2 8 9}.
Verify whether the original sequence can be determined without any loss of information after Inverse Fourier Transform.
Construct a 4-directional and 8-directional chain code for the shape of the alphabet ‘C’. Hence, obtain its difference code and shape number.