Differentiate between case control and Cohort Study with suitable example.

Case-control and cohort studies are two common observational research designs used in epidemiology to study the causes and effects of diseases, particularly in the context of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). Both designs aim to establish associations between exposure to certain risk factors and the development of specific health outcomes. However, they differ significantly in terms of methodology, study population, and the way in which data is collected.

Case-Control Study  
A case-control study is a retrospective observational study where researchers start with a group of individuals who have the disease or outcome of interest (the "cases") and compare them to a group without the disease (the "controls"). The aim is to investigate whether exposure to a particular risk factor is more common in the cases than in the controls. Researchers then collect historical data regarding the exposure status of both groups to determine whether there is a link between exposure and disease.

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