Differentiate between any three:
(a) Long run equilibrium of Monopoly and Perfect competition
(b) Bertrand and Stackelberg model
(c) First Degree and third-degree price discrimination
(d) Asymmetric Information and Moral Hazard
(a) Long-run equilibrium of Monopoly vs Perfect Competition: In perfect competition, the long-run equilibrium occurs when firms enter or exit the market until economic profits are zero, with price equal to marginal cost (P = MC). In contrast, a monopoly restricts output to maximize profits, setting the price above marginal cost (P _______ _____ _____ _____ ___ _________ ____ _______ __________ ________ _____ ______.
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