Describe various state and local development initiatives to address the inequality. Substantiate your answer with suitable examples.

After independence the Indian government set to the task of rebuilding the national economy. The government, under the leadership of Nehru, adopted through a five year planning process the principles of mixed economy, promotion of the private sector and a strong intervention of the state and an industrial base in the public sector. The policy of import-substitution and self imposed insulation from the global economy resulted, however, in slow growth. It is clearly understood that restrictive trade and exchange trade policies under centrally initiated and public sector oriented industrialisation were impediments to the fast pace of development till the 1980s. However, the radical shift in the trade policies
since 1991 mark a move towards globalisation and liberalisation.
Economic Reforms: The economic reform policies of 1990s were brought in with focus on stabilisation of the economy on one hand and liberalisation on the other. These led to substantive deregulation on private participation in economic activities and withdrawal of several _________ ___ ___ ________ ___ _____.
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