Describe the various structural and functional changes that occur in Elderly.

As individuals age, a variety of structural and functional changes occur throughout the body, impacting both physical and cognitive health. These changes are influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors and can vary widely among individuals. Below is a comprehensive overview of the structural and functional changes commonly observed in the elderly:

Structural Changes

1. Musculoskeletal System:

   • Bone Density: Bone density typically decreases with age, leading to osteoporosis. This results from reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption, making bones more fragile and susceptible to fractures.
   • Muscle Mass and Strength: There is a gradual loss of muscle mass and strength known as sarcopenia. This decline affects muscle function, balance, and overall mobility.
   • Joint Changes: Cartilage in joints can wear down, leading to osteoarthritis. This results in joint pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion.

2. Skin:

   • Elasticity and Thickness: Skin loses elasticity and becomes thinner due to decreased collagen production. This contributes to wrinkles ______ ____ _________ ______ ___ ______ _______ ___ _____ ____ ______ ________.
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