Describe the various pattern of sexual reproduction found in non- chordates.

In non-chordates, sexual reproduction displays various patterns depending on the species and environmental conditions. The primary modes of sexual reproduction in non-chordates are external fertilization, internal fertilization, and hermaphroditism.

1. External Fertilization: Many non-chordates, such as aquatic invertebrates (e.g., fish, amphibians, and many marine organisms like echinoderms and mollusks), exhibit external fertilization. In this pattern, the male and female release their ________ ______ ____ ________ ____ _________ _____ ___ _____ ____.
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