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Pre-cooling is the rapid removal of field heat from freshly harvested agricultural produce immediately after harvest in order to slow down respiration, reduce moisture loss, delay ripening, and maintain quality throughout the supply chain. In production and supply chain management in agribusiness, pre-cooling plays a critical role in preserving shelf life, minimizing quantitative and qualitative losses, ensuring food safety, and enhancing market competitiveness. Since fruits and vegetables are highly perishable and continue metabolic activity after harvest, the speed and efficiency of pre-cooling significantly influence downstream operations such as grading, packaging, storage, transportation, and retail distribution. Various methods are used for pre-cooling depending on the type of commodity, scale of operation, investment capacity, and supply chain requirements. Room cooling is one of the simplest and most commonly used methods. In this system, harvested produce is placed in a refrigerated room where cold air circulates around stacked crates or cartons. The cooling process occurs gradually as the cold air absorbs heat from the produce. Although this method requires relatively low capital investment and is easy to operate, it is comparatively slow and may take several hours to remove field heat completely. Room cooling is suitable for less perishable commodities such as potatoes, onions, apples, and citrus fruits that can tolerate slower cooling rates. In supply chain management, room cooling is often used at collection centers or packhouses serving small and medium-scale farmers. Forced-air cooling, also known as pressure cooling, is a more rapid and efficient method ________ _______ _______ ___ ______ ____ ____ ________ ___ __________.
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