Describe the steps involved in protein synthesis in prokaryotes.

Question

24 Jan 2022

Answer :

Word Count : 883

The major steps are:

(a) Activation of amino acids:

This reaction is brought about by the binding of an amino acid with ATP. The step requires enzymes called amino acyI RNA synthetases. Due to this reaction amino acid (AA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mediated by above enzyme, amino acyl – AMP – enzyme complex is formed.

AA + ATP Enzyme -AA – AMP – enzyme complex + PP

It should be noticed that amino acyl RNA synthetases are specific with various amino acids.

(b) Transfer of amino acid to tRNA:

The AA – AMP – enzyme complex formed reacts with specific tRNA. Thus amino acid is transferred to tRNA. As a result the enzyme and AMP are liberated.

AA – AMP – enzyme Complex + tRNA- AA – tRNA + AMP enzyme

Charged tRNA shifts to ribosome (Fig. 6.41). The ribosome consists of structural RNAs and 80 different proteins. Ribosome is the site where the protein synthesis occurs. The mRNA binds to SOS sub-unit of ribosome of 70S type.

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