Describe the salient features of various accident causation theories.

Accident causation theories help understand why accidents occur in the construction industry and provide a foundation for developing safety measures. Various theories have been proposed to explain the causes of accidents, each offering unique insights into accident prevention.

1. Domino Theory (Heinrich’s Theory)

Developed by Herbert W. Heinrich in the 1930s, the Domino Theory suggests that accidents result from a sequence of five interrelated factors:

1. Ancestry and Social Environment – Negative traits inherited or acquired through the environment (e.g., recklessness, lack of training).
2. Fault of the Person – Unsafe behavior, carelessness, or lack of knowledge.
3. Unsafe Act or Condition – Direct causes such as unsafe work conditions, improper tool use, or lack of protective gear.
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