Describe the responsibilities of ship owners and the charterers under different forms of chartering arrangements.

In voyage charter, a ship is hired for single or consecutive voyages for shipment of specified quantity of cargo at specified rates and on mutually agreed conditions.

These ships carry full or part cargo and freight depends on quantity of cargo. The owner acts as carrier, appoints masters and also bears expenses related to repair, maintenance, wages, provisions, stevedoring charges, insurance, brokerage, commission, claims, etc.

The master of the ship has to report at a specified port, at specified time barring which it is at the discretion of charterer to cancel the contract or claim for loss incurred.

The charterer is entitled to pay freight to the shipowner which is either lump sum or calculated on per ton basis.

When freight is calculated on per ton basis, the charterer has to pay even for the unused capacity (dead freight) or the same space may _______ ____ _______ ______ __________ ____ ____ _______.
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