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Translation in eukaryotes is the process by which the genetic code carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide or protein. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and involves multiple steps: initiation, elongation, termination, and ribosome recycling. The process begins with initiation. The small ribosomal subunit binds to the 5’ cap of the mRNA, which is a modified guanine nucleotide added during mRNA processing. This binding is facilitated by various initiation factors, collectively known as eIFs ___ __________ ____ _____ ___ _______.
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