Describe the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its variants. How does PCR contribute to genetic engineering?

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a widely used molecular biology technique that amplifies specific DNA sequences, enabling their detection and analysis. It involves three main steps: denaturation, annealing, and extension. During denaturation, the double-stranded DNA is heated to separate into single strands. Annealing involves cooling the reaction to allow primers to bind to complementary DNA sequences. In the extension phase, a thermostable DNA polymerase, such as Taq polymerase, synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides. These steps are repeated ____ _______ ____ ___ ________.
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