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Parkinson’s disease is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement control. It is characterized by a combination of motor and non-motor symptoms, which arise due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, a region of the midbrain responsible for producing dopamine. Dopamine is a critical neurotransmitter that regulates motor function, coordination, and balance. The depletion of dopamine leads to the hallmark motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, including tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. At the molecular level, Parkinson’s disease involves multiple mechanisms contributing to neuronal dysfunction and death. One key factor is the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein protein, which ________ ___ ____ ______ ______ ______ _______.
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