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Wheat and rice are two of the most important cereal crops in the world, forming the staple diet for a large portion of the global population. Both have a rich history and diverse taxonomy, which are essential for understanding their economic and agricultural significance. Wheat, scientifically classified under the genus *Triticum* and family *Poaceae*, is believed to have originated in the Fertile Crescent region, encompassing parts of modern-day Turkey, Iraq, Syria, and Iran. Archaeological evidence suggests that wheat cultivation began around 10,000 years ago during the Neolithic period, making it one of the earliest domesticated crops. Wheat species are categorized based on ploidy level and grain hardness. Common wheat (*Triticum aestivum*) is hexaploid, while durum ___ _______ ________ _______ _____ _________ ___ _________ ________.
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