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The Central Secretariat is the nerve centre of the administrative system at the Union level in India. It is the principal policy-formulating and coordinating agency of the Government of India and serves as the administrative headquarters of various ministries and departments. It provides the institutional framework through which the political executive translates its vision into governmental policies, laws, programmes, and administrative actions. The Secretariat acts as the link between the political leadership and the executive agencies responsible for implementing government policies. While the ministries formulate policies, the attached and subordinate offices, autonomous bodies, and public sector undertakings implement them under the overall supervision of the Secretariat. The Central Secretariat evolved during the British colonial period and expanded significantly after Independence due to the growing responsibilities of the welfare state. The Constitution of India envisages a parliamentary system of government in which ministers are politically responsible to Parliament, while permanent civil servants assist them in the discharge of their official duties. The Secretariat embodies this constitutional principle by providing continuity, expertise, neutrality, and administrative support to successive governments. The organisation of the Central Secretariat is ministry-based. Each ministry is responsible for a particular area of governmental activity such as finance, defence, education, home affairs, agriculture, health, commerce, external affairs, and transport. Some ministries are divided into two or more departments to facilitate efficient administration. For example, the Ministry of Finance consists of departments dealing with expenditure, revenue, economic affairs, financial services, and investment and public asset management. Every ministry is headed politically by a Cabinet Minister. Depending upon the workload and importance of the ministry, the Cabinet Minister may be assisted by Ministers of State or Deputy Ministers. The political executive determines policy ______ _____ ____ _____ _______ _________.
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