Describe the important features of green revolution.

The main features of Green Revolution in India are:

1. Introduction of new and high yielding variety of seeds.

2. Increased use of fertilizers, pesticides and weedicides in order to reduce agricultural loses.

3. Increased application of fertilizers in order to enhance agricultural productivity.

4. Use of latest agricultural machinery like tractor, seed drills, threshers and harvester.

5. Use of high disease resistance varieties so that production will enhance.

1. High Yielding Varieties (HYV) of seeds:

According to R.N. Chopra, “The high yielding variety seeds are major input of agricultural production under the Green Revolution technology. Their main characteristic is increased responsiveness to chemical fertilizers, their period of maturing is short, it helps double cropping; their short stems can easily carry fertilizer load, resist wind damage, their large leaf surface helps the process of photosynthesis.”

According to Sunil Kumar Munsi, The H¹* V seeds were perhaps the single most important input in the Indian Green Revolution. All other inputs were linked with HYV.” M.S. Swaminathan has remarked that apart from erasing the ‘begging bowl’ image of our country, the most important gain has been the saving of forests and land, thanks to the productivity improvement associated with high yielding varieties.

The development of HYV seeds of wheat in 1960s and those of rice in 1969-70 laid the foundation for Green Revolution in India. Bandhu Das Sen has rightly remarked that they play the role of modernisers of agriculture like engines of change, capable of transforming a traditional farmer into a commercial producer. They act as part of steam engine (for industrial revolution) to ignite an agrarian revolution in poor countries.

Thus the HYV programme brought about a major change—a transformation affecting almost every aspect of Indian agriculture. In words of Dantwala, “widespread adoption of HYVs has helped to step up cereal production, stimulated investment and substantially increased the use of modem inputs.”

The Pearson Commission Report hailed it as one of the authentic marvels of our time. It’s most important effect was to be seen in the attainment of self-sufficiency in cereals, which enabled us to have a break from the snip-to-mouth situation and move forward ahead of population.

National Seeds Corporation (NSC) was established in 1963. It undertakes the production of breeder seeds on its own farms and foundation and certified/quality seeds through contract growers, agricultural universities, state seeds corporations and state farms corporation of India.

Certified seed is t e ultimate stage in seed production chain and is the progeny of foundation seed. National Seeds Programme was launched in 1977 in collaboration with World Bank covering 9 states of Punjab, aryana, U.P., Bihar, Orissa, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan. The production’ distribution and utilization of quality seeds has been increasing since the beginning of Green Revolution.

2. Irrigation:

Irrigation is the second most important component of Green Revolution technology after HYV seeds. Assured and regular supply of sufficient water to crops not only adds to production it also assures stability in production. Indian rainfall being unreliable, irregular and seasonal, there is urgent need to expand irrigation potential to meet the requirements of the Green Revolution strategy Irrigation is a precondition for successful introduction of HYV seeds even in areas of heavy rainfall.

The success m use of HYV seeds lies in availability of water at the right time and in the right quantity tor which B.B. Vohra had laid more emphasis on ground water rather than on surface water. The ground water gives the advantage of push-button irrigation, made possible by a pump set or a tube well and is completely under farmer’s own control.

Appreciating the role of ground water in the success of Green Revolution, Vohra has preferred to call it the Ground Water Revolution. However, there is senous threat of depletion of ground water due to over-exploitation when the rate of drawal of ground water is higher than the rate at which it is replenished. In many districts of Haryana and Punjab the ground water exploitation is very high.

3. Use of Fertilizers (Chemical):

The use of chemical fertilizers has been the third most important input of Green Revolution after HYV seeds and irrigation; rather the three are tied together. In tact use of HYV seeds needs heavy dose of irrigation and fertilizers to ____ _____ _____ ___ ________ _________.
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