Describe the importance of the extremist ideology in the nationalist movement.

 In the beginning of the 20th century, a new class of national leaders emerged in India which was different from the moderate group. They took a more aggressive stance against the British Empire. They were typically younger and did not believe in the soft and persuasive approach of moderate leaders.

Background/Causes of the rise of extremism

• The failure of the moderate leaders in getting any significant results from the British authorities.
• The limitations of the moderates were the main causes of the rise of extremism.
• The partition of Bengal in 1905 opened the eyes of the Indians to the true colours of the British rulers.
• Lord Curzon and his disdain for anything Indian also created resentment and anger against the foreigners.
• There was a fear among some leaders that the moderates with their westernized notions were trying to create an India in the image of the West.
• There was a revival of national pride at that time.
• The extremist leaders were also influenced by the growth of spiritual nationalism at that time.
• The Delhi Durbar held in 1903 when people had not fully recovered from the horrific effects of the famine that killed lakhs of people drew widespread condemnation.
• Events happening around the world also inspired the extremist leaders. Abyssinia’s successful repulsion of the Italian army in 1896 and Japan’s defeat of Russia in 1905 shattered the notion of European invincibility.
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