Describe the divide-and-conquer approach to solve recurrences ? Explain how this approach can be used to apply binary search in a sorted list.

The divide-and-conquer approach is a powerful strategy in discrete mathematics and computer science for solving complex problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems. This method is particularly effective for solving recurrences and implementing efficient algorithms like binary search.

Divide-and-Conquer Approach:

1. Divide: The problem is divided into smaller, more manageable subproblems. These subproblems are typically of the same type as the original problem but smaller in size.
  
2. Conquer: Each subproblem is solved recursively. If the subproblem is small enough, it is solved directly (the base case). Otherwise, the ___ _______ ______ _____ ___ ________.
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