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Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract are common in medical-surgical settings and range from minor functional disturbances to life-threatening inflammatory and malignant conditions. Nurses play a vital role in assessment, early recognition of complications, and comprehensive management of these disorders. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a frequent upper gastrointestinal disorder characterized by the backward flow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter. Patients commonly present with heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia, and chronic cough. Persistent reflux may lead to esophagitis, strictures, or Barrett’s esophagus. Nursing care _______ ____ ____ _____ ____.
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