Describe the causes of drought.

Drought is a prolonged period of abnormally low precipitation, leading to a water shortage that can significantly impact both the environment and human activities. Various natural and human-induced factors contribute to the onset and severity of droughts. Understanding these causes is crucial in assessing the environmental and occupational hazards associated with drought.

### 1. Climate Variability and Weather Patterns

The most direct cause of drought is irregular weather patterns, which can vary significantly from region to region. Natural climate variability, such as shifts in atmospheric pressure and temperature, plays a key role in influencing precipitation levels. The most significant global drivers of climate variability are phenomena like El Niño and La Niña, which can cause drastic fluctuations in rainfall patterns.

- El Niño refers to the warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, which can lead to reduced rainfall in some areas (such as the Indian subcontinent and parts of Africa) while causing excessive rainfall and flooding in others.
- La Niña, on the other hand, refers to the cooling of the same sea surfaces, which often results in drought in certain regions, particularly in the southern parts of the world, and increased rainfall in others.

Such climatic events lead to irregular precipitation cycles and dry spells, significantly impacting water resources.

### 2. Geographic Factors

The geographical location of a region is another critical determinant of drought. Areas that ______ _________ _______ ______ ________.
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