Describe the activities and processes of Supply Chain Management. 

Supply Chain Management (SCM) encompasses the coordination and management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by end customers. Effective SCM integrates various activities and processes that contribute to the efficient flow of goods, information, and finances. Here’s an in-depth look at the key activities and processes involved in SCM:

### 1. Demand Planning and Forecasting
Demand planning is crucial for aligning supply with customer demand. It involves forecasting future demand for products based on historical data, market analysis, and predictive modeling. Accurate forecasting helps businesses plan their inventory levels, production schedules, and procurement activities to meet customer requirements while minimizing excess stock and associated costs.

### 2. Supply Planning
Supply planning involves determining the optimal way to meet the forecasted demand. This includes sourcing raw ________ ______ _______ _______ _______.
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