Describe causes and clinical manifestations of Potassium Imbalance.

Potassium imbalance in critical care nursing is a significant concern as potassium plays a vital role in neuromuscular function, cardiac conduction, and acid-base balance. Potassium imbalances include hypokalemia (low potassium levels) and hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), both of which can have severe consequences if not managed appropriately.

Causes of Potassium Imbalance

1. Hypokalemia (Serum Potassium < 3.5 mEq/L)

   • Inadequate Intake: Poor dietary potassium intake, prolonged fasting, or malnutrition.
   • Increased Losses:
     • Gastrointestinal Losses: Vomiting, diarrhea, nasogastric suction, or excessive laxative use.
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