Delineate the characteristics and periods in prenatal development. 

Prenatal development refers to the process of growth and maturation that occurs in an organism before birth. It is a crucial stage of human development where the foundations for physical, neurological, and psychological development are established. Prenatal development can be divided into three distinct periods, each characterized by specific milestones and developmental changes. These periods are the germinal period, the embryonic period, and the fetal period. In this response, we will delineate the characteristics and milestones associated with each of these periods in prenatal development.

1. Germinal Period:
The germinal period is the initial stage of prenatal development and spans approximately the first two weeks after conception. It begins with fertilization, the union of a sperm and an egg, resulting in the formation of a zygote. The zygote then undergoes rapid cell division, forming a cluster of cells called a blastocyst. The blastocyst travels down the fallopian tube and eventually implants itself into the uterine wall.

During the germinal period, the following key characteristics can be observed:
- Cell division: The zygote undergoes mitotic cell divisions, resulting in the formation of more cells.
- Formation of the blastocyst: The blastocyst consists of an outer layer of cells called the trophoblast, which will later develop into the placenta, and an inner mass of cells called the embryonic disk, which will give rise to the embryo.
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