Delineate history of social welfare administration in India.

The history of social welfare administration in India is a complex narrative that intertwines with the country's socio-political evolution over the centuries. Understanding this history requires tracing various strands, from ancient traditions of mutual support and charity to the formalization of welfare policies during colonial rule and the subsequent development of independent India's welfare state. This discussion will delve into the key milestones and transformations that have shaped social welfare administration in India.

Ancient and Medieval Periods:
Social welfare practices in India can be traced back to ancient times when communities relied on informal systems of mutual aid and philanthropy. The concept of 'daana' (charity) was deeply rooted in Hindu and Buddhist traditions, where individuals and communities were encouraged to provide for the less fortunate. Additionally, guilds (shrenis) and religious institutions played crucial roles in supporting education, healthcare, and relief for the needy.

During the medieval period, especially under Islamic rulers, institutions such as 'khanqahs' and 'madrasas' were established to provide welfare services alongside religious education. The idea of 'zakat' (obligatory ___ __________ _______ ________ _______ ______ __________ _______ ______.
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