Define the concept of caste and class and discuss the nature of social mobility in India. 

The concepts of caste and class are fundamental to understanding the social structure of India. These two concepts, though often discussed in relation to one another, are distinct in terms of their origins, characteristics, and the social mobility they allow within the Indian society. The nature of social mobility in India is intricately linked to these concepts, shaping the ways in which individuals or groups can move across different social strata. 

### Caste

Caste refers to a hereditary system of social stratification that has been deeply ingrained in Indian society for centuries. Historically, it is associated with the Hindu social order, although it also affects other communities. The caste system is characterized by its rigid boundaries, where social status and occupation are often determined by birth. In its traditional form, caste was divided into four broad categories or "varnas": Brahmins (priests and scholars), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (merchants and landowners), and Shudras (laborers and service providers). Outside of these four varnas were the Dalits (formerly known as "Untouchables"), who occupied the lowest social position and faced systemic discrimination and exclusion.

Over time, the varnas became further subdivided into a large number of jatis or sub-castes, each ______ ______ _______ ________ ______ _____ ______ ________.
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