Define spinal cord injuries and give its classification. Write the clinical manifestation. Explain the management emphasizing the nursing management of a patient with spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) refer to damage to the spinal cord that results in temporary or permanent changes in motor, sensory, and autonomic function. These injuries can be caused by trauma, such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, or violence, as well as non-traumatic conditions like infections, tumors, or degenerative diseases. The severity of SCI depends on the location and extent of damage to the spinal cord.

Classification of Spinal Cord Injuries

Spinal cord injuries can be classified based on the level and severity of injury:

1. Based on Level of Injury

   • Cervical (C1–C8): Affects arms, hands, trunk, and legs; injuries at C1–C4 can cause quadriplegia and respiratory dysfunction.

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