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Social stratification refers to the structured inequality that exists among individuals and groups in a society based on the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, privileges, and power. It represents a hierarchical arrangement where individuals and groups are ranked according to their social status, economic standing, or cultural prestige. This ranking system becomes institutionalized, shaping the social order and influencing people’s life chances. Social stratification is a universal phenomenon present in all societies, whether simple or complex, though the bases and forms of stratification may vary. It functions as a framework that regulates relationships among individuals and groups, and it significantly influences patterns of interaction, access to wealth, political authority, education, and social mobility. The study of social stratification has been central to sociology, as it reveals the underlying structures of inequality and the mechanisms through which these are perpetuated. The organizing principles of social stratification are the underlying bases on which individuals and groups are differentiated and ranked in a society. One of the primary principles is the differentiation of individuals based on ascribed and achieved statuses. Ascribed status refers to positions assigned at birth, such as caste, race, gender, ____ ___ __________ ___ __________ _________.
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