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Science and technology indicators are quantitative or qualitative measures used to describe, assess and monitor the development, performance and impact of scientific research and technological activities. They provide systematic information about the resources devoted to science and technology, the processes through which research is conducted, and the outputs and outcomes generated from these activities. In Informetrics and Scientometrics, such indicators are particularly important because they help in the measurement of scientific productivity, research performance, collaboration, impact and technological development. Science and technology indicators can be broadly classified into several types. 1. Input Indicators: Input indicators measure the resources invested in scientific and technological activities. They indicate the capacity of a country, institution or organization to undertake _______ ___ ________ _________ ____ ______ _________ _______ ________ _______ ____.
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